Carbon Trading and Ethical Injustice in Capitalism, Religions, and Human Rights

Indigenous Peoples and Ecological Ethics Beyond the Carbon Market

Abstract

This study examines the ethical implications of carbon trading in relation to capitalism, religion, and human rights, with a particular focus on indigenous peoples. The worsening climate change has triggered carbon trading policies as a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; however, these policies often exacerbate social welfare issues and environmental degradation. This research aims to examine how carbon trading can exacerbate social injustice, particularly for indigenous communities who are often marginalized in environmental policies. Climate change.  Using a literature review approach, the study analyzes scholarly works, reports, and case studies to explore how carbon trading, while often framed as a solution to climate change, can exacerbate environmental inequality and degradation. Findings suggest that the carbon trading system largely benefits capitalist interests, resulting in the commodification of natural resources and the marginalization of indigenous peoples most affected by environmental degradation. The study also highlights how religious perspectives on environmental stewardship and justice challenge the ethical foundations of carbon markets, highlighting the contradictions between ecological sustainability and profit-driven motives. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for more equitable and inclusive environmental policies that prioritize the rights of indigenous peoples and align with the ethical principles of justice, intergenerational responsibility, and respect for the Earth. While the literature review provides valuable insights, it acknowledges the limitations of relying on secondary sources, which may not fully capture the lived experiences and local dynamics of affected communities. This research contributes to the ongoing debate on climate justice and urges a reconsideration of current carbon trading mechanisms.

KEYWORDS: Carbon Trading, Capitalism, Injustice, Human Rights, Religion